MrsMiggins wrote:
Steering, or more accurately, counter-steering, is essential to get a bike to turn.
That's a good article, thanks for posting. But it isn't the whole story - there's no technical mystery about how counter steering works and conventional steering has an essential role to play as well.
Countersteering is used to initiate and terminate leans. It works very simply by dragging the contact patch out from under the centre of gravity(CoG). With the contact patch offset from the CoG the bike starts to fall over - that's how a lean is initiated with counter steering. The big advantage of counter steering is that you don't need to move the CoG where the bike's mass acts. That's why it's quick - you're turning the bike's mass around the CoG in the roll axis.
But conventional steering plays an important part too. (You can try this part with a push bike without even turning a wheel) When the bike is leaned over the contact patch trail from the steering axis (the castor angle) ensures that the 'conventional' steering angle matches the lean angle. This conventional steering is required for constant radius, constant speed, constant lean cornering. You still use countersteering to lower the lean angle. Raising the lean angle works in very much the same way using the same effect...
At the end of cornering the countersteering
effect is used to stand the bike back up - but this time you actually push the bars in the conventional direction. Suppose you're reaching the end or a right hand curve - you want to stand the bike back up. This is effectively equivalent to initiating a left lean so you steer right to accomplish it. As you steer right the net vector of centrifugal force+gravity moves to the left of the contact patch resulting in an anticlockwise acceleration around the roll axis restoring the bike towards the vertical.
[yes, I know there's no such thing as 'centrifugal force', but it does help to keep the explanation manageable]
I do suspect that it is entirely possible to operate and control a bike without countersteering - weight shifts and conventional steering together will do the job - and I well recall being able to steer my push bike with no hands on the handlebars. It's just that countersteering is much faster and more controllable.
I remember finding an excellent animated diagram showing the effect of countersteering on lean and CoG, but sadly I can't find it again.
And by the way, gyroscopes have
absolutely nothing to do with any of this.