stevei wrote:
The "different time, different place" argument will still be invalid for those other types of accident, though, as it will still not systematically alter the risk.
The big flaw in existing research is that they fail to take this into consideration.
One infamous Australian paper (which is widely referenced by the TRL etc) takes this flaw to its logical extreme.
What they do is take data from actual accident cases, and hypothesise what the outcomes would have been had the speeds been lower.
But the methodology they use is to, in each case, calculate the point at which the driver first realised the need to stop. Using this same starting point, they then calculate the stopping distance from a hypothetical lower speed, and find that the collision would either have been avoided, or the impact speed would have been lower.
But you cannot use the same starting point, as they do. You cannot change the speed without also changing its position at a particular time, so their choice of starting point is invalid and gives completely erroneous results.
If, in each and every case, the speed had been different, either higher or lower, none of those collisions would have happened at all. Other collisions would, by the law of averages, have happened, probably not involving the same vehicles even, and one cannot hypothesise whether they would have been more or less severe.
Cheers
Peter